In 1743 War broke out between England and France.

As France was a Catholic nation, it had always supported the Stuarts' claim to the British throne.

King Louis XV realized that it would be in his interests if the Stuarts made another attempt to regain the

throne. Louis XV informed James Edward Stuart in 1745 that if he invaded England he would supply him

with arms and ammunition. James was now fifty seven years old and was not keen on becoming involved

in another military campaign. However, his son Charles Stuart was more enthusiastic, and on 5th July he left

France with 700 men.

Once in Scotland, Charles Stuart, who had been nicknamed Bonnie Prince Charlie, began building up his army.

He was especially successful at persuading Catholics living in the Scottish Highlands to join him.

In September, Charles was ready to take action. Charles' army had an easy victory at the Battle of Prestonpans.

Charles' 5,000 man army now marched into England and by December he reached Derby.

Charles had hoped that English Catholics would join his army. This did not happen. In fact, in many of the towns

that he marched through, the crowds showed great hostility to Charles' army. Louis XV had promised Charles

that 12,000 French soldiers would invade England in the Autumn of 1745. However, Louis XV did not keep

his promise. Although Charles still wanted to march on London, his military advisers argued that without the

support of the French they were certain to be beaten. Reluctantly, Charles agreed to return to Scotland.

Another army, this time led by the Duke of Cumberland, followed Charles back into Scotland.

Completely outnumbered, Charles' army were chased into the Scottish highlands.

In April 1746, Charles Stuart decided to turn and fight Cumberland's army. The two forces met

at Culloden Moor on 16th April. Cumberland's army devastated the Jacobites

and Charles was forced to flee from the battlefield.